Integrating meteorological factors for better understanding of the urban form-air quality relationship

Landscape Ecology - Understanding the urban form-air quality relationship is essential to mitigate intra-urban air pollution and to improve urban ecology. However, few studies considered urban form...     

大叶芥菜作为植物熏蒸材料与主栽作物番茄间作模式探索

以大叶芥菜为主要的植物熏蒸材料,通过改变其与主栽作物番茄间作的不同种植模式,分析大叶芥菜产量、大叶芥菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量、番茄根结指数、番茄产量等指标,探索生物熏蒸效果佳、作物产量高、可以大面积推广的间作模式。结果表明:间作模式1(栽培大叶芥菜前将番茄吊蔓的2架钢丝距离调整为50~60 cm,第1茬番茄拉秧后将棚内温度调高2~5 ℃)效果最好,大叶芥菜的产量、硫代葡萄糖苷含量最高,根结线虫抑制效果最好,同时每667 m^2番茄产量最高,达12 216.5 kg,可大面积推广。     

3种螯合剂对铅胁迫下香樟幼苗生长及铅富集的影响

为了研究在添加不同螯合剂的情况下,植物对土壤Pb(铅)胁迫的生理生长反应及对Pb的富集转运情况,揭示其变化机制,筛选出较好的螯合剂及适宜的质量摩尔浓度,选择香樟幼苗为试验对象,在Pb质量分数为1045 mg·kg^-1土壤中分别添加柠檬酸、苹果酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)3种螯合剂,每种螯合剂分别设置了0、2、4、6、8 mmol·kg^-15个质量摩尔浓度,测量香樟幼苗的生长指标、生理指标以及Pb富集转运等指标并进行统计分析。结果表明:3种螯合剂对香樟幼苗生长生理及Pb的富集转运均有显著影响,随着3种螯合剂质量摩尔浓度的增加,Pb胁迫加重;同一质量摩尔浓度下,多数指标,经EDTA处理的分别与经柠檬酸和苹果酸处理的结果有显著差异,柠檬酸和苹果酸处理二者之间差异不显著;EDTA质量摩尔浓度不大于2 mmol·kg^-1,柠檬酸、苹果酸质量摩尔浓度不大于4 mmol·kg^-1,香樟生长状况及Pb吸收综合效果最好。综合分析得出:柠檬酸、苹果酸、EDTA都具有促进植物吸收土壤Pb的作用,3种螯合剂均能提高香樟幼苗的富集系数和转移系数;当土壤Pb质量分数为1045 mg·kg^-1、EDTA质量摩尔浓度为2 mmol·kg^-1、柠檬酸和苹果酸质量摩尔浓度为4 mmol·kg^-1时,香樟幼苗吸收土壤Pb的效果最佳。在达到同等效率的前提下,建议优先选用柠檬酸或苹果酸为宜。     

新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北棉花上的应用效果初报

为考察新型脱叶剂欣噻利在赣北的使用效果，以中棉所425为试验材料，进行脱叶剂处理试验。结果表明: 喷施欣噻利1800～2700 mL·hm^－2有较好的脱叶催熟效果，在此范围内其剂量越大，脱叶催熟的效果越好；喷施欣噻利对棉花铃重、铃壳质量、衣分以及纤维品质没有显著影响。     

Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

Effect of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate supplementation on growth performance,body composition,antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), in the form of l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (LAPP) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets (46% crude protein and 7.6% lipid) supplemented with graded levels of AsA (14.64, 48.55, 84.98, 308.36 and 639.27 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to five replicate groups of L. vannamei (mean initial wet weight 0.57 g). No significant differences were found on growth performance among all treatments. However, whole body lipid content significantly decreased with dietary AsA levels increasing. Activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly affected by dietary AsA levels. Shrimp fed LAPP‐free diet had higher malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with LAPP. Dietary AsA levels higher than 308.36 mg kg^?1 diet increased the survival of shrimps after 1, 2 and 3 h of acute salinity change. Broken‐line regression analysis on survival after 3 h of salinity stress and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis on glutathione reductase data indicated that the optimal dietary AsA requirement of L. vannamei was estimated to be 306.39, 319.75 mg kg^?1 diet respectively.     

Rapid detection of SNPs in candidate genes regulating the growth of orange‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), using semiconductor sequencing

Orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most important marine food species in Southeast Asia and China and has been cultured for decades. In this study, we fully utilized the limited capacity of semiconductor sequencing, the high efficiency of long‐range PCR for target enrichment and a non‐indexed pooling strategy to screen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a breeding population of orange‐spotted grouper. Forty‐one genomic DNA fragments, with a total length of approximately 180 kb, including 22 candidate genes that control growth, and from a DNA pool of 20 heaviest and 22 lightest individuals of the sampled population were successfully sequenced using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. 3 503 466 clear reads were produced with a length of 192 ± 56 bp, 86.8% of which were mapped to the reference with an average coverage depth of 2567‐fold and physical coverage of 98.8%. Finally, 1623 high‐quality SNPs were adopted. Compared with Sanger sequencing of three random common regions, the sensitivity and specificity of our approach were 39.4% and 100.0% respectively. A mutation located at the third position of the previously labelled start codon of growth hormone receptor type 1 invalidated the start codon. Furthermore, comparison of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this site between the two extreme groups, prediction of signal peptide and identification of conservative mRNA sequences suggested that the functional start codon is likely located at the position of another downstream in‐frame ATG in the mutant. These detected SNP markers will provide important tools for the selective breeding of orange‐spotted grouper.     

Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance,glutathione synthesis,and antioxidative ability of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idella</Emphasis>

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and antioxidative ability of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four practical diets were formulated: control, control + 0.2% NAC, control + 0.5% glycine, and control + 0.2% NAC + 0.5% glycine. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 30 fish (approximately 8.8 g). Weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC. Supplementation of NAC plus glycine significantly increased the feed efficiency. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and γ-glutamine cysteine synthase (γ-GCS) in plasma were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC plus glycine. GSH in plasma increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with NAC. Respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were not affected by NAC or glycine. These results clearly indicated that NAC improved the growth performance and restored GSH of grass carp, supplemented NAC together with glycine enhanced GSH synthesis, and improved the antioxidative ability of grass carp.     

加工萝卜蜀萝9号(038A/C9274)的选育与应用

介绍了适合四川蔬菜加工的萝卜品种蜀萝9号的亲本选育经过、组合配制、品比试验、多点试验、生产试验与示范中的表现,结果表明:2年的生产示范产量可达61.02 t/hm2,比对照增产11.60%,增加经济效益显著。并对其理化品质分析的表明,蜀萝9号符合加工萝卜和企业深加工的要求,此外还提出了蜀萝9号的栽培技术与制种技术。     

果蝇引诱物的引诱效果与杨梅甜度、反光率的关系

经室内筛选,得到一果蝇引诱物,并对其进行田间引诱效果试验。结果发现,在杨梅逐渐成熟至干枯过程中,杨梅甜度先增加后减少,反光率越来越低,果蝇引诱物的引诱效果则呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势。